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mundanethreatsromleakywaterpipesthatmightallownormaltoxinstoleachintothewatersupplyaterithasbeentreatedatthewaterplant.Recentestimatesarethatevenwithalloourprecautionswaterbornediseasescostmorethan500millionannuallyintheU.S.noneowhichisduetoterrorism.19Allothetestingandpurifcationisdoneatthetreatmentplantbutmuchcanhappenwhenthewatertravelsthroughathousandmilesopipetothehousehold.Muchotheocusinwatersecurityisoncentralizedprotectionandmonitoringothewatersupply.TheEPAhasorganizedprotocolsandproductsintothreecategoriesorthiscentralizedprotectionPhysicalsecuritythatincludeswallsgatesandmanholelocksElectronicorcybersecuritythatincludescomputerfrewallsandremotemonitoringsystemsandMonitoringtoolsthatidentiypotentialthreatsinprocessstreamsorfnishedwater.SouthwesternPennsylvaniacancertainlybealeaderinthesecentralizedsystemsbutcanalsotaketheleadindistributedsystemsthatprovidepointousesecurity.Muchlikedistributedgenerationischangingthewayweproduceandconsumeenergydistributedwatersystemscanmanagewaterpurifcationandsecurityatthepointouse.AsimplemodelothesedistributedsystemsisalreadyinplaceaspeopleuseBritafltersortheirhomedrinkingwaterraingardensandbioswalestoflterandmanageon-sitestormwaterandothersystemsthatdivertgraywaterromstormguttersbathingclotheswashingandbathroomsinkstobeusedtowaterplantsorushtoilets.Anextgenerationothesesystemswillcleanwaterattheappropriatelevelortheappropriateuseandhavesensorsthatcanalerttheuserwhendrinkingwaterisnotuptostandard.Inadditiontothewaterwedrinkthewaterweusetoproduceenergyandthewaterthatsustainsagriculturalandindustrialproductionwerelyonournaturalsupplyowaterortransportation.Watertransportationiscriticaltothecoalminingandthermoelectricplantsaswellasmanyotheregionsmanuacturingindustries.RegionalThePortoPittsburghCommissionmaintains200milesocommerciallynavigablewaterwaysinsouthwesternPennsylvaniaWatertransportationrequireslessuel144MannualsavingsWaterwayinrastructuresupports45000jobsSmartsensorbasedsystemstoimprovereightmanagementNationalInternationalTheregionsriverslinktodomesticandinternationaltransportroutesRegionishometo500shippersandreceiversReducingemissionsromwatercratTheU.S.marketorreighttransportationhassueredinresponsetodecreasedconsumerdemandandproductionintheU.S.andworldwide.HoweverrevenuesinwatertransportationintheU.S.ellbyonly8.4percentin2009comparedto25.2percentorrailreightintheU.S.20ThewatertransportationindustryinsouthwesternPennsylvaniahasagreaterimpactthannumberswouldsuggest.AccordingtotheBureauoLaborStatisticsthereare20establishmentsinthewatertransportationsectorwhilethePortoPittsburghCommissioncites500shippersactiveintheportsystem.21Thisdiscrepancymaybeduetoalargenumberosel-employedshippingproprietorsorthatshippingfrmsareusingthePortoPittsburghbutarenotbasedinPittsburgh.ThePortoPittsburghisthethirdbusiestinlandportandthe19thbusiestportintheU.S.ThePortoPittsburghhandledinexcesso41milliontonsoreightin2008nearly10percenthigherthanin200722.Themajorityotheproductshippedthroughtheportiscoalbutothermaterialsincludingsandandgravelironandsteelpetroleumproductsandothercomponentsareshippedthroughtheregion.ThePortoPittsburghsupportstheregionsenergyandsteelindustrybyprovidingaordabletransportationaccessortheirrawmaterials.AccordingtothePortsExecutiveDirectorJimMcCarvillerivertransportationprovidesannualsavingso144millionversusalternativemodesotransportation.23SubcategoryAssetsandNaturalResourcesSupplyChainInnovationTransportation18TransportationTheMarketRegionalSWOT